| 翻訳と辞書 |
| corticioid fungi ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus ''Corticium'' ("corticioid" means ''Corticium''-like) and subsequently to the family ''Corticiaceae'', but it is now known that corticioid species are not closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of adaptive evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers〔Larsson K-H, Larsson E, Koljalg U. (2004). High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid homobasidiomycetes. ''Mycological Research'' 108: 983–1002.〕 and other texts.
==History==
The genus ''Corticium'' was established by Persoon in 1794 for fungi having smooth, effused fruit bodies. ''Corticium roseum'' Pers. was later selected as the type species.〔Donk MA. (1963). The generic names proposed for Hymenomycetes XIII. ''Taxon'' 12: 158-159.〕 Subsequent authors described over 1000 species in the genus〔http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/names.asp?strGenus=Corticium〕 which continued to be used in its wide sense up until the 1950s. Though a number of genera had been recognized as distinct from ''Corticium'' from the late nineteenth century onwards, it was not until Swedish mycologist Prof. John Eriksson reviewed the corticioid fungi in a series of publications starting in 1950〔Eriksson J. (1950). ''Peniophora sect. Coloratae''. Uppsala〕〔Eriksson J. (1958). ''Studies in the Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes-Aphyllophorales of Muddus National Park in Sweden''. Uppsala.〕 that modern concepts were formed. The eight-volume work that he initiated, ''Corticiaceae of North Europe'' (1973-1987), effectively established the current circumscription of the corticioid fungi.
Eriksson and his co-authors, however, still placed all or most of these fungi within the ''Corticiaceae'', though stating that this was "not a natural taxon but an assemblage of species with similar habitat."〔Hjortstam K, Larsson K-H, Ryvarden L. (1987). ''The Corticiaceae of North Europe''. Vol. 1. Oslo: Fungiflora ISBN 82-90724-03-9〕 It was not until the advent of DNA sequencing that the full diversity of these fungi was realized.〔〔Binder M. et al. (2005). The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes). ''Systematics and Biodiversity'' 3: 113–157.〕 The genus ''Corticium'' is still retained, but is now restricted to a few species closely related to the type. The ''Corticiaceae'' is now equally restricted to a few genera close to (and including) ''Corticium''. Crust-like species are found in no less than 18 of the 24 currently recognized orders of higher basidiomycetes (Agaricomycotina).〔Hibbett D et al. (2007) A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the ''Fungi''. ''Mycological Research'' 111: 509-547.〕〔Larsson K-H. (2007). Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi. ''Mycological Research'' 111: 1040-1063.〕〔Binder M et al. (2010). Amylocorticiales ord. nov. and Jaapiales ord. nov.: Early diverging clades of Agaricomycetidae dominated by corticioid forms. ''Mycologia'' 102: 865-880.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「corticioid fungi」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|